Which and where?

London Bridge, 1500  London Bridge of stone was begun around the year 1176 and completed in the early years of the 13th century. The first 'London Bridge was Roman and probably built of timber. However the earliest written reference to a London Bridge can be found in the section in the Saxon Chronicles that deals with the latter half of the 10th century. The Roman and Saxon wooden London Bridges were vulnerable to fire and flood so Peter de Colechurch determined to build a lasting bridge of stone. During the 30 years that it took to build, the Bridge cost the lives of an estimated 150 workmen. The model shows the Bridge around the years 1540. As the historical drawings show, the Bridge's silhouette changed constantly - with buildings being demolished and replaced. Throughout its history, the Bridge was a busy thoroughfare, lined with shops. In 1666, the houses on London Bridge were saved from the Great Fire of London thanks to an earlier fire in 1633 which had destroyed the houses near to the north bank. In the mid 1700s, the houses on the Bridge were removed completely and a larger mid arch was created by removing one of the piers or starlings. In the 1820s, a new London Bridge was built north of the old London Bridge and it opened in 1831. In the same year, the destruction of the old bridge began in earnest after a lifetime of some 622 years. The 1831 London Bridge was later transported, stone by stone be stone to Lake Havasu, Arizona in the 1960s.     The Drawbridge Gate
The Drawbridge Gate on which the heads of traitors were suspended on long wooden poles was demolished in 1577. This was to make way for Nonesuch House which was built in sections in Holland and shipped over. The heads of the traitors were transferred to the Great Stone Gate - where the grisly practice continued until around 1678.   The Chapel
The Chapel of St Thomas was first built in the 12th century and then rebuilt in the closing years of the 14th century. In 1549, it was decreed that the Chapel be converted into a 'dwellyng-house' but this was only finally achieved by 1553.
 Great Stone Gate
The Great Stone Gate was built with defence of the city in mind - hence its massive doors and a portcullis. It stood on a pier, two arches from the south bank. In January 1437, the Gate collapsed and it was immediately rebuilt. This new Gate lasted nearly 300 hundred years before it was badly damaged by fire in 1725 and once again had to be rebuilt. It was finally demolished in 1760 when all the Bridge's buildings were cleared away.  The houses
The houses show timber frames with wattle and daub walls. Haute-pas galleries from the third storey link the houses on either side of the Bridge road. In the time period of our model, the shops would have had gaily painted signs with counters that projected out into the street. The houses overhang the Bridge and are supported by timber beams.   Great Stone Gate
The Great Stone Gate was built with defence of the city in mind - hence its massive doors and a portcullis. It stood on a pier, two arches from the south bank. In January 1437, the Gate collapsed and it was immediately rebuilt. This new Gate lasted nearly 300 hundred years before it was badly damaged by fire in 1725 and once again had to be rebuilt. It was finally demolished in 1760 when all the Bridge's buildings were cleared away.     The houses
The houses show timber frames with wattle and daub walls. Haute-pas galleries from the third storey link the houses on either side of the Bridge road. In the time period of our model, the shops would have had gaily painted signs with counters that projected out into the street. The houses overhang the Bridge and are supported by timber beams.   Tower Bridge has stood over the River Thames in London since 1894 and is one of the finest, most recognisable bridges in the World.   The wooden bridge was a barrier against the Danes who regularly sailed up the Thames to fight the Anglo-Saxons.  Nevertheless, in 1014 the Danish King Olav managed to sail right up to the bridge and destroyed the piles supporting the bridge, and the bridge and the defenders collapsed into the Thames. This is believed to be the origin of the nursery rhyme 'London Bridge is falling down'. 
The bridge was rebuilt of wood over the years and used as the main defence against invaders. The last timber bridge was built in 1163. 
Work on a new stone bridge started in 1176 and took 33 years to complete. It was 926 ft long and 40 ft wide and was supported by 20 arches with a drawbridge.  For 600 years, until Westminster Bridge was built in 1750, this was the only bridge in the city.
The drawbridge was set in the seventh span from the Southwark side and was protected on the capital's side by a gatehouse known as the Drawbridge Tower.  The tower served as the place of exhibition for the severed heads of people executed at the Tower of London.  The display of heads was later transferred to the Southwark Gate, complete with portcullis, on the second pier from the Southwark side.   This gate was the main bastion of the bridge and the city's southern defences.      
Over the years many houses and shops were built on London Bridge.  This was seen as a way of raising revenue for the upkeep of the bridge.  The buildings projected over both sides of the bridge, and one of the first buildings was the Chapel of St Thomas à Becket.
During the reign of Elizabeth I the bridge was restored and many new buildings were added, including a water-mill at the northern end of the bridge. Following fires and the Great Fire of 1666, by the middle of the 18th century the bridge and its buildings were in poor condition and the buildings were removed for both health and safety reasons.  
In 1823 Parliament approved John Rennie's design for a new London Bridge. The foundation stone was laid by the Lord Mayor of London in 1825 and opened by King William and Queen Adelaide in 1831.  The new bridge was over 1,005 ft long and 56 ft wide.
The bridge lasted 140 years but it was too narrow and too weak to cope with the traffic.  In 1967 work began on demolishing the old bridge, and the new bridge was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1973. The bridge has a 105 ft wide roadway with room for 6 traffic lanes and two footpaths.To prevent icing in freezing conditions, a heating system was built below the surface of the roadway and pavements.
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In 1984 the Royal Navy warship HMS Jupiter hit London Bridge broadside.